![]() When looking at the tendency of the formant setting drawn by the two referred algorithms in the context of front vowel, the maximum formant was set higher and the number of formants set at a lower value than recommended by Praat. While the linear_script was designed to have a linearly increased formant step in for-loop, the increment of formant step in the qtone_script was arranged by quarter tone scale (base frequency×common ratio ( )). Among four kinds of scripts, the linear and qtone_scripts proved to be more stable and reliable. Formant plots and statistical results showed that linear_script and qtone_script are much more reliable in formant measurements. Statistical analysis showed that formant frequencies significantly varied across the adapted scripts, especially with respect to the data on females. ![]() However, verification is needed to determine whether these recommended settings are valid for Korean vowels. Praat recommends 5,000 Hz and 5,500 Hz as maximum formant settings and, at the same time, recommends 5 as the number of formants for males and females. To increase the reliability of formant analysis, LPC order should be set differently, based on the gender or vowel type. Optimal formant analysis could be interpreted to show that the deviation of formant frequency that resulted from the two variously combined setting parameters (maximum formant and number of formants) was minimal. An automated Praat script was implemented to measure optimal formant frequencies for adults.
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